diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index a65971d..b043f22 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ PrivaPub/ ASP.NET Core Web API, net10.0
(authoritative fetch, key verification, WebFinger), ActorDocument (parser)
Objects/ Origin, ActivityJson, NoteParser, Addressing, ContentSanitizer
Moderation/ DomainBlocks (suspend / silence / reject media)
- Signing/ HttpSignatures (draft-cavage sign/verify)
+ Signing/ HttpSignatures (draft-cavage sign/verify), MessageSignatures (RFC 9421 verify),
+ RequestSignature (whichever a request carries)
Inbox/ InboxReceiver (verify, queue, 202) → InboxProcessor (job) → Handlers/{Follow,Accept,Reject,
Undo,Create,Update,Delete,Like,Announce}; RemotePosts (build, fetch parents, FetchAncestors);
RemoteReplies (FetchReplies: a thread's `context`, else `replies` two levels down)
@@ -159,7 +160,8 @@ group www-data and reaches the private mongod; `sudo -u www-data` works too.
`HttpClient` for federation. The only other outbound traffic is SMTP and `GeoUpdater`'s monthly DB-IP Lite download
(its own `geo` client, a fixed HTTPS host, size-capped, the file checked before it is swapped in).
2. **Every fetch is signed by the instance actor** (`privapub`), never by a persona; deliveries are signed by the acting
- avatar or group. Both are draft-cavage rsa-sha256 over `(request-target) host date` (+ `digest` on bodies).
+ avatar or group. Both are draft-cavage rsa-sha256 over `(request-target) host date` (+ `digest` on bodies). Inbound,
+ an RFC 9421 signature (`Signature-Input`) is verified too, its target against our public address.
3. **A remote document is believed only from its own address.** `RemoteActorService.FetchObject` requires the
document's `id` to be the URL it was served from (a same-origin alias is followed once). A key is accepted only if
the actor lists it, its `owner` is the actor and it shares the actor's origin.
diff --git a/FEDERATION.md b/FEDERATION.md
index 67766b8..fcab2eb 100644
--- a/FEDERATION.md
+++ b/FEDERATION.md
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ PrivaPub is an ActivityPub server written in C#. This document follows
- [ActivityPub](https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/) (server-to-server)
- [WebFinger](https://webfinger.net/)
- [HTTP Signatures](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-cavage-http-signatures), `rsa-sha256` / `hs2019` with RSA keys
+- [HTTP Message Signatures](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9421) (RFC 9421) and Content-Digest (RFC 9530), verified on
+ deliveries and signed fetches: `rsa-v1_5-sha256` and `rsa-pss-sha512` with RSA keys
- [NodeInfo](https://nodeinfo.diaspora.software/) 2.0 and 2.1
## Tested against
@@ -251,4 +253,5 @@ Posts with a location (shown to nearby users of this server) never leave the ser
- Collections expose counts, not members: `/groupies` and `/stalking` give the same totals as the Mastodon API's
follower and following counts, and the outbox's `totalItems` is the persona's post count, though only public posts
are listed. `/api/v1/instance/peers` is empty: which servers this one talks to is not published.
-- Only `rsa-sha256`-style keys are verified. RFC 9421 signatures are planned.
+- Only RSA keys are verified, under draft-cavage or RFC 9421; Ed25519 (FEP-521a) is planned. What PrivaPub sends is
+ signed with draft-cavage only, which every server reads.
diff --git a/PrivaPub.Tests/Http/MessageSignatureTests.cs b/PrivaPub.Tests/Http/MessageSignatureTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1195bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PrivaPub.Tests/Http/MessageSignatureTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+using MongoDB.Entities;
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
+
+using PrivaPub.Federation.Signing;
+using PrivaPub.Models.Post;
+using PrivaPub.Tests.Support;
+using PrivaPub.Tests.Support.Host;
+
+using System.Net;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+
+namespace PrivaPub.Tests.Http
+{
+ // RFC 9421 message signatures, as WordPress's ActivityPub plugin, Ghost and Fedify send them first: a delivery so signed
+ // is taken in one request, and refused when its body or its target is not what was signed
+ [Trait("Category", "Integration")]
+ public sealed class MessageSignatureTests : IAsyncLifetime
+ {
+ PrivaPubHost _host;
+ Peer _peer;
+
+ static CancellationToken Token => TestContext.Current.CancellationToken;
+
+ public async ValueTask InitializeAsync()
+ {
+ Assert.SkipUnless(MongoFixture.Enabled, MongoFixture.Skip);
+ _host = await PrivaPubHost.Shared();
+ _peer = await Peer.Start();
+ }
+
+ public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
+ {
+ if (_peer != default)
+ await _peer.DisposeAsync();
+ }
+
+ [Fact]
+ public async Task A_delivery_signed_as_rfc9421_is_taken_and_one_whose_body_or_target_differs_is_refused()
+ {
+ var alice = await _host.Mastodon("alice");
+ var bob = new RemoteActor(_peer, "bob");
+ var create = bob.Create("
signed the new way
", new[] { alice.Uri });
+ var noteId = create["object"]!["id"]!.GetValue();
+ using var client = _host.Client();
+
+ var tampered = bob.MessageSignedPost(alice.Mouth, create);
+ tampered.Content = new ByteArrayContent(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(create.ToJsonString().Replace("new way", "other way")));
+ tampered.Content.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Content-Type", "application/activity+json");
+ tampered.Content.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Content-Digest", bob.MessageSignedPost(alice.Mouth, create).Content!.Headers.GetValues("Content-Digest").First());
+ Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, (await client.SendAsync(tampered, Token)).StatusCode);
+ var elsewhere = bob.MessageSignedPost(alice.Mouth, create, signedFor: "/human-centipede");
+ Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, (await client.SendAsync(elsewhere, Token)).StatusCode);
+
+ Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Accepted, (await client.SendAsync(bob.MessageSignedPost(alice.Mouth, create), Token)).StatusCode);
+ Assert.Equal(1, await _host.RunInbox(Id(create), Token));
+ Assert.Contains("signed the new way", (await DB.Default.Find().Match(p => p.ObjectURI == noteId).ExecuteSingleAsync(Token)).ContentHtml);
+ }
+
+ static string Id(JsonObject activity) => activity["id"]!.GetValue();
+
+ // a signed fetch (a GET, no body) verifies the same way, and so does RSA-PSS with SHA-512
+ [Fact]
+ public void A_signed_fetch_and_an_rsa_pss_signature_verify()
+ {
+ using var key = RSA.Create(2048);
+ var message = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://privapub.test/peasants/alice/scribbles/1");
+ MessageSignatures.Sign(message, "https://peer.example/users/bob#main-key", key.ExportPkcs8PrivateKeyPem(), body: null);
+ var request = Request(message);
+ var signature = RequestSignature.Of(request);
+ Assert.Equal("rfc9421:rsa-v1_5-sha256", signature.Scheme);
+ Assert.Null(signature.Problem(request, body: null));
+ Assert.True(signature.VerifiedBy(key.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfoPem(), signature.Signed(request, "https://privapub.test")));
+ Assert.False(signature.VerifiedBy(key.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfoPem(), signature.Signed(request, "https://elsewhere.example")));
+
+ var created = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds();
+ var parameters = $"(\"@method\" \"@target-uri\");created={created};keyid=\"bob\";alg=\"rsa-pss-sha512\"";
+ var signatureBase = $"\"@method\": GET\n\"@target-uri\": https://privapub.test/peasants/alice/scribbles/1\n\"@signature-params\": {parameters}";
+ var signed = key.SignData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signatureBase), HashAlgorithmName.SHA512, RSASignaturePadding.Pss);
+ var pss = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://privapub.test/peasants/alice/scribbles/1");
+ pss.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Signature-Input", $"pss={parameters}");
+ pss.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Signature", $"pss=:{Convert.ToBase64String(signed)}:");
+ var pssRequest = Request(pss);
+ var pssSignature = RequestSignature.Of(pssRequest);
+ Assert.True(pssSignature.VerifiedBy(key.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfoPem(), pssSignature.Signed(pssRequest, "https://privapub.test")));
+ }
+
+ static HttpRequest Request(HttpRequestMessage message)
+ {
+ var context = new DefaultHttpContext();
+ context.Request.Method = message.Method.Method;
+ context.Request.Host = new HostString(message.RequestUri!.Host);
+ context.Request.Path = message.RequestUri.AbsolutePath;
+ context.Features.Get()!.RawTarget = message.RequestUri.PathAndQuery;
+ foreach (var (name, values) in message.Headers)
+ context.Request.Headers[name] = values.ToArray();
+ return context.Request;
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/PrivaPub.Tests/Support/RemoteActor.cs b/PrivaPub.Tests/Support/RemoteActor.cs
index 8fdfb06..2ebafcc 100644
--- a/PrivaPub.Tests/Support/RemoteActor.cs
+++ b/PrivaPub.Tests/Support/RemoteActor.cs
@@ -68,6 +68,22 @@ namespace PrivaPub.Tests.Support
return request;
}
+ // the same delivery signed as RFC 9421 does it (WordPress, Ghost, Fedify), for `signedFor` when it is not where the
+ // request goes
+ public HttpRequestMessage MessageSignedPost(string path, JsonNode activity, string signedFor = default, string origin = "https://privapub.test")
+ {
+ var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(activity.ToJsonString());
+ var request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, new Uri(origin + (signedFor ?? path))) { Content = new ByteArrayContent(body) };
+ request.Content.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Content-Type", "application/activity+json");
+ MessageSignatures.Sign(request, KeyId, _key.ExportPkcs8PrivateKeyPem(), body);
+ request.RequestUri = new Uri(origin + path);
+ return request;
+ }
+
+ public string PrivateKeyPem => _key.ExportPkcs8PrivateKeyPem();
+
+ public string PublicKeyPem => _key.ExportSubjectPublicKeyInfoPem();
+
string Signature(string signingString, string headers)
{
var signature = Convert.ToBase64String(_key.SignData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signingString), HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1));
diff --git a/PrivaPub/Federation/Inbox/InboxReceiver.cs b/PrivaPub/Federation/Inbox/InboxReceiver.cs
index 66400f9..6c94adf 100644
--- a/PrivaPub/Federation/Inbox/InboxReceiver.cs
+++ b/PrivaPub/Federation/Inbox/InboxReceiver.cs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Inbox
public InboxResult NoSuchRecipient(HttpRequest request)
{
var result = new InboxResult(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound, "no such local actor", Reason: "unknown-recipient");
- var keyId = HttpSignatures.Parse(request.Headers["Signature"].ToString())?.KeyId;
+ var keyId = RequestSignature.Of(request)?.KeyId;
Record(new Receipt { ClaimedHost = HostOf(keyId), Inbox = "personal", Bytes = request.ContentLength }, result, 0);
return result;
}
@@ -141,32 +141,33 @@ namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Inbox
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(type) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(actorUri))
return new(StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest, "type and actor are required", Reason: "missing-type-or-actor");
- var parameters = HttpSignatures.Parse(request.Headers["Signature"].ToString());
- if (parameters == default)
+ // draft-cavage's Signature, or RFC 9421's Signature-Input and Signature
+ var signature = RequestSignature.Of(request);
+ if (signature == default)
return new(StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized, "missing or unreadable Signature header", Reason: "no-signature");
- receipt.Signature = "cavage:" + parameters.Algorithm;
- receipt.ClaimedHost ??= HostOf(parameters.KeyId);
- if (_domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(parameters.KeyId)) || _domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(actorUri)))
+ receipt.Signature = signature.Scheme;
+ receipt.ClaimedHost ??= HostOf(signature.KeyId);
+ if (_domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(signature.KeyId)) || _domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(actorUri)))
{
receipt.Blocked = true;
- receipt.ClaimedHost = _domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(actorUri)) ? HostOf(actorUri) : HostOf(parameters.KeyId);
+ receipt.ClaimedHost = _domainBlocks.IsSuspended(HostOf(actorUri)) ? HostOf(actorUri) : HostOf(signature.KeyId);
return new(StatusCodes.Status202Accepted, Reason: "suspended");
}
- var requestProblem = HttpSignatures.CheckRequest(request, parameters, body);
+ var requestProblem = signature.Problem(request, body);
if (requestProblem != default)
return new(StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized, requestProblem, Reason: HttpSignatures.ProblemCode(requestProblem));
- var signingString = HttpSignatures.SigningString(request, parameters);
- var keyOwner = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(parameters.KeyId, refresh: false, token);
+ var signed = signature.Signed(request, _localActors.BaseAddress);
+ var keyOwner = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(signature.KeyId, refresh: false, token);
if (keyOwner == default && type == "Delete" && Id(activity["object"]) == actorUri)
return new(StatusCodes.Status202Accepted, Reason: "self-delete-unknown-key");
- if (keyOwner == default || !HttpSignatures.Verify(keyOwner.PublicKey, signingString, parameters.Signature))
+ if (keyOwner == default || !signature.VerifiedBy(keyOwner.PublicKey, signed))
{
- keyOwner = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(parameters.KeyId, refresh: true, token);
- if (keyOwner == default && _remoteActors.KeyTemporarilyUnavailable(parameters.KeyId))
+ keyOwner = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(signature.KeyId, refresh: true, token);
+ if (keyOwner == default && _remoteActors.KeyTemporarilyUnavailable(signature.KeyId))
return new(StatusCodes.Status503ServiceUnavailable, "the signing key could not be fetched; try again later", KeyRetrySeconds, "key-unavailable");
- if (keyOwner == default || !HttpSignatures.Verify(keyOwner.PublicKey, signingString, parameters.Signature))
+ if (keyOwner == default || !signature.VerifiedBy(keyOwner.PublicKey, signed))
return new(StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized, "the signature does not verify", Reason: "signature-invalid");
}
@@ -179,8 +180,8 @@ namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Inbox
return shapeProblem;
var activityId = Id(activity);
- var payload = new InboxPayload(actorUri, activity.ToJsonString(), recipient == default ? "shared" : "personal", parameters.KeyId,
- parameters.Algorithm, parameters.Headers, DateTime.UtcNow);
+ var payload = new InboxPayload(actorUri, activity.ToJsonString(), recipient == default ? "shared" : "personal", signature.KeyId,
+ signature.Algorithm, signature.Covered, DateTime.UtcNow);
var queued = await _queue.Enqueue(JobKind.ProcessInbox, JsonSerializer.Serialize(payload),
new Uri(actorUri).Host.ToLowerInvariant(), activityId == default ? default : "inbox|" + activityId, token);
_logger.LogInformation("Inbox {Recipient}: {Type} from {Actor} queued", recipient?.Handle ?? "shared", type, actorUri);
diff --git a/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/MessageSignatures.cs b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/MessageSignatures.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e830f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/MessageSignatures.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
+
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Signing
+{
+ // One signature of RFC 9421 (HTTP Message Signatures): its label, the components it covers, its parameters as they were
+ // sent (the base ends with them, byte for byte) and the signature itself.
+ public sealed record MessageSignature(string Label, string KeyId, string Algorithm, string[] Components, string Parameters,
+ byte[] Signature, long? Created, long? Expires);
+
+ // RFC 9421, as WordPress's ActivityPub plugin, Ghost and Fedify sign: Signature-Input names what is covered, Signature
+ // carries it, and Content-Digest (RFC 9530) the body. Verified with the key of the actor that keyid names, RSA with
+ // PKCS#1 v1.5 or PSS; a server that tries it first and falls back to draft-cavage (the "double knock") needs only one
+ // request once this answers. The target is our own public address, as the sender addressed it.
+ public static class MessageSignatures
+ {
+ public static bool Present(HttpRequest request) => request.Headers.ContainsKey("Signature-Input");
+
+ public static MessageSignature Parse(string signatureInput, string signature)
+ {
+ if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(signatureInput) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(signature))
+ return default;
+ var signatures = Members(signature);
+ foreach (var (label, value) in Members(signatureInput))
+ {
+ if (!signatures.TryGetValue(label, out var bytes) || !value.StartsWith('('))
+ continue;
+ var close = value.IndexOf(')');
+ if (close < 0)
+ continue;
+ var components = value[1..close].Split(' ', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Select(c => c.Trim('"').ToLowerInvariant()).ToArray();
+ var parameters = Parameters(value[(close + 1)..]);
+ if (!parameters.TryGetValue("keyid", out var keyId) || bytes.Length < 2 || bytes[0] != ':' || bytes[^1] != ':')
+ continue;
+ byte[] decoded;
+ try
+ {
+ decoded = Convert.FromBase64String(bytes[1..^1]);
+ }
+ catch (FormatException)
+ {
+ continue;
+ }
+ return new MessageSignature(label, keyId, parameters.GetValueOrDefault("alg"), components, value, decoded,
+ Number(parameters.GetValueOrDefault("created")), Number(parameters.GetValueOrDefault("expires")));
+ }
+ return default;
+ }
+
+ // the signature base (RFC 9421 §2.5), or null when a covered component is missing from the request
+ public static string Base(HttpRequest request, MessageSignature signature, string baseAddress)
+ {
+ var lines = new List();
+ var target = RequestTarget(request);
+ var origin = new Uri(baseAddress);
+ foreach (var component in signature.Components)
+ {
+ var value = component switch
+ {
+ "@method" => request.Method.ToUpperInvariant(),
+ "@target-uri" => origin.GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Authority) + target,
+ "@authority" => origin.IsDefaultPort ? origin.Host.ToLowerInvariant() : origin.Authority.ToLowerInvariant(),
+ "@scheme" => origin.Scheme,
+ "@request-target" => target,
+ "@path" => target.Split('?')[0],
+ "@query" => target.Contains('?') ? target[target.IndexOf('?')..] : "?",
+ _ when component.StartsWith('@') => default,
+ _ => request.Headers.TryGetValue(component, out var header) ? string.Join(", ", header.Select(v => v.Trim())) : default
+ };
+ if (value == default)
+ return default;
+ lines.Add($"\"{component}\": {value}");
+ }
+ lines.Add($"\"@signature-params\": {signature.Parameters}");
+ return string.Join("\n", lines);
+ }
+
+ public static string CheckRequest(HttpRequest request, MessageSignature signature, byte[] body) =>
+ CheckRequest(request, signature, body, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow);
+
+ public static string CheckRequest(HttpRequest request, MessageSignature signature, byte[] body, DateTimeOffset now)
+ {
+ if (signature.Algorithm is not (null or "rsa-v1_5-sha256" or "rsa-pss-sha512"))
+ return $"unsupported signature algorithm '{signature.Algorithm}'";
+ if (!signature.Components.Contains("@method"))
+ return "@method is not signed";
+ if (!signature.Components.Contains("@target-uri") && !(signature.Components.Contains("@path") && signature.Components.Contains("@authority")))
+ return "the target is not signed";
+ if (body is { Length: > 0 })
+ {
+ if (!signature.Components.Contains("content-digest"))
+ return "the digest is not signed";
+ if (!DigestMatches(request.Headers["Content-Digest"].ToString(), body))
+ return "the digest does not match the body";
+ }
+ if (signature.Created is not { } created)
+ return "neither date nor (created) is signed";
+ var signedAt = DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeSeconds(created);
+ if (signedAt < now - HttpSignatures.MaxAge || signedAt > now + HttpSignatures.MaxClockSkew)
+ return "(created) is outside the allowed window";
+ if (signature.Expires is { } expires && DateTimeOffset.FromUnixTimeSeconds(expires) < now - HttpSignatures.MaxClockSkew)
+ return "the signature has expired";
+ return default;
+ }
+
+ public static bool Verify(string publicKeyPem, MessageSignature signature, string signatureBase)
+ {
+ if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(publicKeyPem) || signatureBase == null)
+ return false;
+ try
+ {
+ using var rsa = RSA.Create();
+ rsa.ImportFromPem(publicKeyPem);
+ var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signatureBase);
+ return signature.Algorithm == "rsa-pss-sha512"
+ ? rsa.VerifyData(data, signature.Signature, HashAlgorithmName.SHA512, RSASignaturePadding.Pss)
+ : rsa.VerifyData(data, signature.Signature, HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
+ }
+ catch (Exception ex) when (ex is CryptographicException or ArgumentException)
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // signs a request as WordPress does (rsa-v1_5-sha256 over the method, the target and the body's digest)
+ public static void Sign(HttpRequestMessage request, string keyId, string privateKeyPem, byte[] body, DateTimeOffset? at = default)
+ {
+ var components = new List { "@method", "@target-uri" };
+ var values = new List { request.Method.Method.ToUpperInvariant(), request.RequestUri!.AbsoluteUri };
+ if (body != null)
+ {
+ var digest = $"sha-256=:{Convert.ToBase64String(SHA256.HashData(body))}:";
+ request.Content!.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Content-Digest", digest);
+ components.Add("content-digest");
+ values.Add(digest);
+ }
+ var parameters = $"({string.Join(' ', components.Select(c => $"\"{c}\""))});created={(at ?? DateTimeOffset.UtcNow).ToUnixTimeSeconds()};keyid=\"{keyId}\";alg=\"rsa-v1_5-sha256\"";
+ var signatureBase = string.Join("\n", components.Zip(values, (c, v) => $"\"{c}\": {v}").Append($"\"@signature-params\": {parameters}"));
+ using var rsa = RSA.Create();
+ rsa.ImportFromPem(privateKeyPem);
+ var signed = rsa.SignData(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signatureBase), HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, RSASignaturePadding.Pkcs1);
+ request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Signature-Input", $"sig1={parameters}");
+ request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("Signature", $"sig1=:{Convert.ToBase64String(signed)}:");
+ }
+
+ static bool DigestMatches(string header, byte[] body)
+ {
+ foreach (var (algorithm, value) in Members(header))
+ {
+ if (value.Length < 2 || value[0] != ':' || value[^1] != ':')
+ continue;
+ var expected = algorithm.ToLowerInvariant() switch
+ {
+ "sha-256" => Convert.ToBase64String(SHA256.HashData(body)),
+ "sha-512" => Convert.ToBase64String(SHA512.HashData(body)),
+ _ => default
+ };
+ if (expected != default && expected == value[1..^1])
+ return true;
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // a structured-field dictionary's members, their values as written (RFC 8941; commas inside strings and inner lists
+ // do not separate members)
+ static Dictionary Members(string field)
+ {
+ var members = new Dictionary(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+ var depth = 0;
+ var quoted = false;
+ var start = 0;
+ for (var i = 0; i <= field.Length; i++)
+ {
+ var c = i < field.Length ? field[i] : ',';
+ if (c == '"' && (i == 0 || field[i - 1] != '\\'))
+ quoted = !quoted;
+ else if (!quoted && c == '(')
+ depth++;
+ else if (!quoted && c == ')')
+ depth--;
+ if (c != ',' || quoted || depth > 0)
+ continue;
+ var member = field[start..i].Trim();
+ start = i + 1;
+ var equals = member.IndexOf('=');
+ if (equals > 0)
+ members.TryAdd(member[..equals].Trim(), member[(equals + 1)..].Trim());
+ }
+ return members;
+ }
+
+ static Dictionary Parameters(string text)
+ {
+ var parameters = new Dictionary(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+ foreach (var part in text.Split(';', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
+ {
+ var equals = part.IndexOf('=');
+ if (equals > 0)
+ parameters[part[..equals].Trim()] = part[(equals + 1)..].Trim().Trim('"');
+ }
+ return parameters;
+ }
+
+ static long? Number(string value) =>
+ long.TryParse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var number) ? number : null;
+
+ static string RequestTarget(HttpRequest request)
+ {
+ var raw = request.HttpContext.Features.Get()?.RawTarget;
+ return string.IsNullOrEmpty(raw) || raw[0] != '/' ? $"{request.PathBase}{request.Path}{request.QueryString}" : raw;
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/RequestSignature.cs b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/RequestSignature.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6612f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/RequestSignature.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Signing
+{
+ // What signed a request: an RFC 9421 message signature when it carries Signature-Input, else a draft-cavage Signature;
+ // the inbox and signed fetches check either the same way.
+ public sealed class RequestSignature
+ {
+ readonly SignatureParameters _cavage;
+ readonly MessageSignature _message;
+
+ RequestSignature(SignatureParameters cavage, MessageSignature message)
+ {
+ _cavage = cavage;
+ _message = message;
+ }
+
+ public string KeyId => _message?.KeyId ?? _cavage.KeyId;
+ public string Algorithm => _message != default ? _message.Algorithm ?? "rsa-v1_5-sha256" : _cavage.Algorithm;
+ // how the ledger names it: "cavage:rsa-sha256", "rfc9421:rsa-v1_5-sha256"
+ public string Scheme => _message != default ? "rfc9421:" + Algorithm : "cavage:" + Algorithm;
+ public string[] Covered => _message?.Components ?? _cavage.Headers;
+
+ // the request's signature, or null when it has none it can read
+ public static RequestSignature Of(HttpRequest request)
+ {
+ if (MessageSignatures.Present(request))
+ {
+ var message = MessageSignatures.Parse(request.Headers["Signature-Input"].ToString(), request.Headers["Signature"].ToString());
+ return message == default ? default : new RequestSignature(default, message);
+ }
+ var cavage = HttpSignatures.Parse(request.Headers["Signature"].ToString());
+ return cavage == default ? default : new RequestSignature(cavage, default);
+ }
+
+ // what is wrong with the request as signed (unsigned target or digest, a stale date...), or null
+ public string Problem(HttpRequest request, byte[] body) =>
+ _message != default ? MessageSignatures.CheckRequest(request, _message, body) : HttpSignatures.CheckRequest(request, _cavage, body);
+
+ // the string the signature is over: the signing string, or RFC 9421's signature base against our public address
+ public string Signed(HttpRequest request, string baseAddress) =>
+ _message != default ? MessageSignatures.Base(request, _message, baseAddress) : HttpSignatures.SigningString(request, _cavage);
+
+ public bool VerifiedBy(string publicKeyPem, string signed) =>
+ _message != default ? MessageSignatures.Verify(publicKeyPem, _message, signed) : HttpSignatures.Verify(publicKeyPem, signed, _cavage.Signature);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/SignedFetchAuthorizer.cs b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/SignedFetchAuthorizer.cs
index 8984c45..8983cc2 100644
--- a/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/SignedFetchAuthorizer.cs
+++ b/PrivaPub/Federation/Signing/SignedFetchAuthorizer.cs
@@ -25,23 +25,28 @@ namespace PrivaPub.Federation.Signing
readonly IRemoteActorService _remoteActors;
readonly DbEntities _dbEntities;
- public SignedFetchAuthorizer(IRemoteActorService remoteActors, DbEntities dbEntities)
+ readonly ILocalActorService _localActors;
+
+ public SignedFetchAuthorizer(IRemoteActorService remoteActors, DbEntities dbEntities, ILocalActorService localActors = default)
{
_remoteActors = remoteActors;
_dbEntities = dbEntities;
+ _localActors = localActors;
}
+ // the actor whose signature (draft-cavage, or RFC 9421 when there is a base address to check its target against)
+ // verifies on the request
public async Task Requester(HttpRequest request, CancellationToken token)
{
- var parameters = HttpSignatures.Parse(request.Headers["Signature"].ToString());
- if (parameters == default || HttpSignatures.CheckRequest(request, parameters, body: default) != default)
+ var signature = RequestSignature.Of(request);
+ if (signature == default || signature.Problem(request, body: default) != default)
return default;
- var signingString = HttpSignatures.SigningString(request, parameters);
- var actor = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(parameters.KeyId, refresh: false, token);
- if (actor != default && HttpSignatures.Verify(actor.PublicKey, signingString, parameters.Signature))
+ var signed = signature.Signed(request, _localActors?.BaseAddress ?? $"{request.Scheme}://{request.Host}");
+ var actor = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(signature.KeyId, refresh: false, token);
+ if (actor != default && signature.VerifiedBy(actor.PublicKey, signed))
return actor;
- actor = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(parameters.KeyId, refresh: true, token);
- return actor != default && HttpSignatures.Verify(actor.PublicKey, signingString, parameters.Signature) ? actor : default;
+ actor = await _remoteActors.GetActorByKeyId(signature.KeyId, refresh: true, token);
+ return actor != default && signature.VerifiedBy(actor.PublicKey, signed) ? actor : default;
}
public async Task MayRead(PostEntity post, ForeignAvatar requester, CancellationToken token)
diff --git a/docs/INTEROP.md b/docs/INTEROP.md
index 140e45f..f48bf71 100644
--- a/docs/INTEROP.md
+++ b/docs/INTEROP.md
@@ -697,7 +697,8 @@ a `preview` Note fallback.
- `id` is `?p=123`, different from `url`.
- The blog actor is a Group with `attributionDomains`.
- It sends an `Update` on every save, and **signs with RFC 9421 first** (9.3.0), falling back to draft-cavage after
- any 4xx.
+ any 4xx. Seen in the pasture (2026-10-05): until PrivaPub verified RFC 9421, its first delivery got 401 and was sent
+ again with draft-cavage, which it then kept using.
- It drops followers-only replies.
- **Ghost 6** (its ActivityPub service is separate, built on Fedify):
- Article with `image` as a bare string and `preview`; members-only parts removed.
@@ -882,7 +883,7 @@ snapshots; `/api/privapub/v1/cdns` and `/cdns/:domain` group servers by CDN, wee
| Topic | State on 2026-10-01 | PrivaPub | P |
|---|---|---|---|
-| RFC 9421 inbound | Mastodon accepts since 4.5. WordPress and Fedify sign with it first. GoToSocial, the Misskey family, Akkoma, Pleroma and Bridgy do not. | Verify RSA and Ed25519; `content-digest` (RFC 9530); one signature; `created` and `keyid` | P2 |
+| RFC 9421 inbound | Mastodon accepts since 4.5. WordPress and Fedify sign with it first. GoToSocial, the Misskey family, Akkoma, Pleroma and Bridgy do not. | Verify RSA (**done** 2026-10-05) and Ed25519; `content-digest` (RFC 9530); one signature; `created` and `keyid` | P2 |
| RFC 9421 outbound | Mastodon 4.7 double-knocks | draft-cavage first; RFC 9421 after a 401; remember per host | P2 |
| 400 vs 401 | A 400 or 401 makes Mastodon 4.7 and WordPress retry with the other scheme | 401 only for signature failures (we do this); 400 only for bodies that are really malformed | P1 (keep) |
| Temporary key failure | Mastodon answers 503 | We should answer 503 too, and treat a 503 as a retry in delivery | P2 |
diff --git a/docs/ROADMAP.md b/docs/ROADMAP.md
index 627e122..572b5e3 100644
--- a/docs/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/docs/ROADMAP.md
@@ -638,7 +638,8 @@ it, raw where it doesn't.
#### P8 Signatures, discovery and the long tail
- **Signatures:**
- - RFC 9421 inbound (RSA and Ed25519, Content-Digest);
+ - RFC 9421 inbound (RSA and Ed25519, Content-Digest): **RSA done 2026-10-05** (PKCS#1 v1.5 and PSS, Content-Digest,
+ deliveries and signed fetches); Ed25519 waits for FEP-521a keys;
- outbound double-knock, remembered per host;
- `publicKey` arrays and FEP-521a Multikey;
- FEP-8b32 proof verification;